Основные направления ауксологических исследований школьников и молодежи в России (по материалам статей в «Вестнике Московского университета. Серия XXIII. Антропология» за последние 15 лет)

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Поступила: 06.02.2023

Принята к публикации: 28.02.2023

Дата публикации в журнале: 22.05.2023

Ключевые слова: биологическая антропология; антропологическая изменчивость; популяции человека; средовые воздействия

DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2023.2.030-046

Доступно в on-line версии с: 22.05.2023

Для цитирования статьи

Пермякова Е.Ю. Основные направления ауксологических исследований школьников и молодежи в России (по материалам статей в «Вестнике Московского университета. Серия XXIII. Антропология» за последние 15 лет) // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 23. Антропология. 2023. № 2. С. 30-46 https://doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2023.2.030-046.

Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)

Пермякова Е.Ю. (НИИ и Музей антропологии МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова)

Аннотация

Введение. Настоящий обзор является продолжением исследования по оценке развития ауксологии в отечественной антропологии. Первая часть была посвящена комплексному рассмотрению процессов роста и развития детей от рождения до 3 лет, проживающих как в нашей стране, так и в странах ближайшего зарубежья. В проанализированных источниках описаны факторы, влияющие на ростовые процессы (эволюционные, климато-географические, этнические и генетические факторы, конституциональные особенности матерей, обстоятельства внутриутробного роста) [Permiakova, 2023]. В настоящей статье более детально рассматриваются и описываются основные направления деятельности ауксологов, а также медиков и психологов, работающих как в пределах нашей страны, так и в кооперации с зарубежными исследователями из различных академических учреждений.

Материалы и методы. В данной части работы в качестве источника информации использованы опубликованные в «Вестнике Московского университета. Серия XXIII. Антропология» с 2009 по 2022 г. статьи, посвященные комплексной оценке физического развития (а также факторов, на него влияющих) школьного и студенческого контингента.

Результаты и обсуждение. Работы в обозначенной области, с одной стороны, анализируют физическое развитие детей и молодежи Московского региона, с другой – оценивают различия темпов и динамики ростовых процессов жителей различных регионов нашей страны и зарубежья, затрагивая, в том числе, и секулярный аспект. Кроме того, на представительных выборках анализируются социально-экономические факторы, влияющие на данные процессы и определяющие особенности их протекания на конкретной территории. Важными представляются также комплексные исследования, затрагивающие связь показателей соматического развития не только с социально-экономическими или экологическими параметрами, но и психологическими особенности обследуемых.

Заключение. Количество работ, посвященных исследуемой тематике, достаточно многочисленно, что позволяет говорить о неснижаемом интересе отечественных антропологов к изучениям проблем роста и развития. Комплексный характер большинства из них, помимо прочего, свидетельствует об интегративном подходе к решению поставленных перед данной областью науки проблем.

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