Zadorozhnaya Liudmila Viktorovna

Introduction. Early detection and timely initiation of therapy for increasingly prevalent interstitial lung diseases are key factors for a favorable prognosis. The study investigated the potential of classical anthropometric methods for identifying individual risk factor predictors in patients with interstitial lung diseases and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, given the established significant link between the manifestations of both pathologies.

Materials and Methods. Medical and anthropometric data from the examination of 31 patients with diagnosed interstitial lung diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis) were included in the study. Statistical data processing was performed using software packages: Microsoft Excel 2010, MedCalc 23.2.8, Statistica 12.0.

Results and discussion. Significant differences were found between men with two different types of interstitial lung diseases in age and shoulder circumferences. The level of fat component development is higher in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis than in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Statistically significant Kendall correlation coefficients were obtained: between insulin level and body mass index (0.34), insulin level and the number of COVID-19 infections (0.30), p<0.05. Patients with interstitial lung diseases, especially hypersensitivity pneumonitis, belong to a risk group, having body mass index exceeding healthy indicators, primarily due to increased fat deposition. A link was noted between certain morphological markers of diabetes mellitus – signs characterizing high fat component development – and high insulin levels with the incidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a form of interstitial lung disease. The identified associations in patients with interstitial lung diseases between morphological and medical indicators of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, and with the incidence of a specific viral infection, suggest a complex interplay of pathologies, exacerbated by age-related changes.

Conclusion. To more accurately assess the relationship between morphological characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the onset and course of interstitial lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, research on a larger sample size and complete clinical data is necessary.

Acknowledgements. The anthropological part of the study was conducted as part of a state order from Lomonosov Moscow State University (A.A. Vasileva, L.V. Zadorozhnaya). The medical part of the study was conducted as part of the research project "Interstitial lung diseases: study of predictors of progression and unfavorable prognosis in patients with carbohydrate disorders" (G.Y. Babadjanova, T.A. Savina).

The authors express their sincere gratitude to the staff of the Department of Pulmonology at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine at Sechenov University: Head of the Department, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor S.N. Avdeev; Associate Professor of the Department, PhD N.V. Trushenko; Assistant Professor of the Department O.A. Suvorova; and Resident Doctor Yu.A. Levina for the opportunity to organize the patient examinations, as well as to the patients for their responsiveness and responsible participation in the study.

Introduction. The differences between bioimpedance instruments, electrodes, measurement techniques, and data processing algorithms raise questions about the consistency of bioimpedance data and body composition estimates. This study aims to compare the results of measurements taken with various bioimpedance devices and electrode types, including those used in Russian health centers.

Material and methods. Bioimpedance measurements were conducted on 20 adult volunteers, 10 women and 10 men, aged between 21 and 54 years. Four instruments were used in the study: ABC-01 "Medas" (SRC Medas, Moscow), Diamant-AIST (Diamant LLC, St. Petersburg), the prototype bioimpedance analyzer as part of the "Zdorovye-Express" hardware and software system with EK6C-03-"CARDi2/4" cardio amplifier (Medical Computer Systems LLC, Moscow, Zelenograd) and Tanita MC-780MA (Tanita, Japan). Eight types of disposable electrodes were used with the ABC-01 "Medas" instrument: Ambu White Sensor 0415M (Ambu, Denmark), Bianostic AT (Data Input, Germany), Eurotrode PFR2034 (Pirrone srl, Italy), F9049 / RU2234 TAB (FIAB, Italy), Schiller Biotabs 23x34 mm (Schiller, Switzerland), Skintact RT-34 (Leonhard Lang GmbH, Austria), TopTrace MedTab (Ceracarta, Italy), and 2100 Swaro-tab (Tyrolmed, Austria). Two types of reusable electrodes, manufactured by Diamant LLC and Medical Computer Systems (MCS) LLC, were used with the Diamant-AIST and Zdorovye-Express instruments. Electric properties of the bioadhesive electrodes were assessed using a sandwich test. A comparison of the data obtained from volunteers using different bioimpedance instruments and electrodes was conducted using the Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired observations, as well as one-way analysis of variance, with a significance level set at p=0.05.

Results and discussion. Our study showed the presence of significant inter-instrument differences in bioelectrical parameters and body composition estimates. The maximum difference in the average value of fat-free mass and body fat between the ABC-01 "Medas", Diamant-AIST and Tanita MC-780MA instruments was 2.8 kg for men and 2.2 kg for women, whereas for the percentage body fat it was 3.9% for men and 3.7% for women. There were also significant deviations in body composition estimates obtained with the Zdorovye-Express analyzer compared to estimates from the other instruments. The BIA measurements data using the ABC-01 "Medas" instrument and the types of disposable bioadhesive electrodes commonly used in Russian Health Centers were in good agreement, despite the wide variation in electrical properties of the electrodes (their intrinsic impedance ranged from 96.8 ohm for 2100 Swaro-tab to 694.3 ohm for Eurotrode PFR2034). However, compared to the reference Bianostic AT electrodes, which had an intrinsic impedance of 18.9 ohm, the subgroups of women and men showed an average overestimation of 0.15 degrees in phase angle, while the subgroup of men also showed an overestimation in fat-free mass and an underestimation in fat mass, averaging between 0.3 and 0.4 kilograms. When comparing the reusable electrodes from Diamant LLC and MCS LLC, there were no significant differences in the bioelectrical parameters or body composition estimates in the study group.

Conclusion. To directly compare the results of measurements from different BIA instruments, their preliminary mutual calibration is necessary. The bioimpedance data obtained in Russian Health Centers using the ABC-01 "Medas" instrument and the specified types of disposable bioadhesive electrodes can be combined and analyzed together subject to the measurement procedure being followed. The reusable electrodes for bioimpedance measurements produced by Diamant LLC and Medical Computer Systems LLC are effectively interchangeable.

Funding. The study was performed at the Federal State Budgetary Institution "RIH" (“Russian research Institute of Health”) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation project No. 20-15-00386 (directed by V.I. Starodubov).

Acknowledgements. The study was conducted under the state assignment of Lomonosov Moscow State University (Godina E.Z., Zadorozhnaya L.V., Khomyakova I.A., Permiakova E.Yu.)The authors would like to thank the management and staff of Medical Computer Systems LLC (Zelenograd), and personally I.S. Reshetnikov and D.A. Prilutsky, for their help in organizing and conducting the study.

Introduction. The paper is dealing with the analysis of morphological characteristics of Moscow children of preschool and primary school age, with the emphasize on possible secular changes.

Materials and methods. The data were collected in a comprehensive survey of Moscow children aged 5-7 years (730 individuals), conducted in two series: in 2017-2019 and in 2024-2025. In accordance with the objectives of the work, the anthropometric characteristics were analyzed in the context of age changes, and as a comparison between the two series.

Results and discussion. The analysis of age-related changes in the examined preschoolers in the combined sample confirms the presence of a mini-growth spurt in height. For girls, it is occurred at the age of 5-6 years, in the group of boys – a year later and was less pronounced. Age-related changes in body weight, BMI and chest girth correspond to the pattern shown by height for children of each sex.

An analysis of secular changes in anthropometric traits allows to conclude that in all characteristics, boys examined in 2024-2025 surpassed their peers in 2017-2019 series measurements, while girls, on the contrary, practically did not differ from each other.

The obtained results somehow contradict to the classical studies, which state that in changing environmental conditions the representatives of male sex are most affected by those changes. It can be assumed that the interpretation of such results could be connected with psycho-emotional factors. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that other influences associated with the socio-economic changes that have taken place in recent years have had an equal impact on children of both sexes.

Conclusion. The results obtained in this study, on the one hand, are in good agreement with the previously studied age patterns, and on the other hand, to some extent contradict them.

The authors plan to continue the research in order to increase the sample sizes and to confirm the received results.

Acknowledgements. The study was conducted under the state assignment of Lomonosov Moscow State University.

The authors thank their colleagues who participated in this study: O.A. Gilyarov and A.A. Vasilyeva (Moscow State University Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology) and M.A. Ilchenko (Russian University of Sport "GTSOLIFK").

The study was conducted with the support of the Moscow State University Center for Collective Use "Technologies for Obtaining New Nanostructured Materials and Their Comprehensive Study," the national project "Science," and the Moscow State University Development Program.